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Renal dysfunction occurs in a variety of diseases and scenarios. Acute kidney injury results from trauma to the kidney during an accident or a medical procedure, including ICU acute renal failure. Chronic kidney disease results from another disease such as diabetes mellitus or from an inherited syndrome. Early detection of dysfunction may be important in prevention of further dysfunction.
Tests generally appear in the order most useful for common clinical situations
| Test name: Urea Nitrogen, Serum or Plasma |
| ARUP #: 0020023 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Spectrophotometry |
| Use: Initial diagnostic test for renal disease |
| Test name: Creatinine, Serum or Plasma |
| ARUP #: 0020025 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Enzymatic |
| Use: Initial diagnostic test for renal disease |
| Test name: Microalbumin, Urine |
| ARUP #: 0050203 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Immunoturbidimetric |
| Use: Monitor diabetic nephropathy in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus |
| Test name: Glomerular Filtration Rate, Estimated |
| ARUP #: 0020725 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Enzymatic/Calculation |
| Use: Estimate renal function and use as monitoring tool (Test reports serum creatinine reference intervals) |
| Test name: Cystatin C, Serum |
| ARUP #: 0095229 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Nephelometry |
| Use: May assist as a marker of renal disease |
| Limitations: Lacks specificity |
| Test name: Beta-2 Microglobulin, Urine |
| ARUP #: 0080432 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Chemiluminescent Immunoassay |
| Use: May indicate renal involvement in patients with diabetic nephropathy, cadmium toxicity, or progressing idiopathic membranous nephropathy |
| Test name: Alpha-1-Microglobulin, Urine |
| ARUP #: 0050043 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Nephelometry |
| Use: May indicate renal involvement in patients with urinary tract infections or diabetes mellitus |
| Test name: Alpha-2-Macroglobulin |
| ARUP #: 0050005 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Nephelometry |
| Use: May be used as a marker of membrane permeability in urine |
| Limitations: Limited clinical use |
| Test name: Renal Function Panel |
| ARUP #: 0020144 |
| Methodology: Refer to individual components |
| Comments: Panel includes albumin, calcium, carbon dioxide, creatinine, chloride, glucose, phosphorous, potassium, sodium, and urea nitrogen |
| Test name: Protein, Total, Urine |
| ARUP #: 0020479 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Spectrophotometry |
| Comments: |
| Test name: Myoglobin, Urine |
| ARUP #: 0020223 |
| Methodology: Quantitative Electrochemiluminescent Immunoassay |
| Comments: |